Mountain ultramarathons, also known as ultra trail or mountain ultra-distance races, are athletic events where runners are challenged to cover distances far exceeding the classic marathon (42.195 kilometers). These races often reach or surpass 100 kilometers or even 100 miles (160.934 kilometers). They take place in mountainous environments, with routes that include ascents, descents, forest trails, rocky terrain, and frequently significant elevation changes that add an extra layer of difficulty.

Characteristics of Mountain Ultramarathons:

• Distances: They range from 50 kilometers to much greater lengths, with some races reaching up to 330 kilometers, such as the Tor des Géants in the Italian Alps.

• Elevation Gain: A defining feature of these races is the total ascent or descent that runners must complete. Some races involve a cumulative elevation gain exceeding 10,000 meters.

• Technical Difficulty: Trails are often uneven, with roots, rocks, mud, or snow, requiring runners to demonstrate excellent technical skills, balance, and adaptability.

• Duration: Depending on the distance and difficulty, these races can last from several hours to multiple days, with runners either continuing non-stop or taking brief breaks at aid stations for rest, food, and equipment changes.

• Equipment: Specialized gear is required, such as shoes with excellent grip, clothing for varying weather conditions, nutrition and hydration supplies, and sometimes safety equipment like headlamps for nighttime running.

• Mental Resilience: Beyond physical endurance, these races demand strong mental fortitude, as runners face fatigue, pain, and often extreme weather conditions.

Mountain ultramarathons, such as the Olympus Marathon in Greece or the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc in Europe, offer a unique experience of nature exploration, self-discovery, and ultimate athletic challenge.